In The 17th Century The Rabat Was A Collar Of Linen And Lace Worn Over The Doublet. Ecclesiastics Wore A Narrower Rabat And This Accessory For Ecclesiastical Town Dress Remained In Use For A Long Time Afterwards.

The Waste Fabric, Whether Woven Or Knitted, That Is Left After A Garment Has Been Cut Out. The Term Also Covers Piece Ends And Discarded Pattern Bunches.

The Production Of A Layer Of Protruding Fibres On The Surface Of Fabrics By Brushing, Teazing, Or Rubbing.

A Bast Fibre Obtained From The Stems Of Boehmeria Nivea Gaud, Especially The Variety Tenacissima Belonging To The Urticaceae Or Nettle Family. It Usually Reaches European Markets In The Form Of Ribbons.

Refers To Knit Fabric Made A A Raschel Machine, A Warp Knitting Machine Capable Of A Wide Variety Of Intricate Designs, Various Surface Textures, And Open Work Effects.

The Rate At Which A Dye Is Absorbed By A Substrate Under Specified Conditions. Note: It May Be Expressed Quantitatively In Several Ways, Such As The Weight Of Dye Absorbed In Unit Time, Or The Time Taken For The Substrate To Absorb A Given Fraction Of The Amount Of Dye Which It Will Absorb At Equilibrium.

A Plain Weave , Loosely Constructed Fabric With A Rough, Nubby Texture Resulting From The Use Of Ratine Yarn, A Knotted, Curly, Plied Yarn. Used For Drapery, Dresses And Women's Sportswear.

A Term Used To Describe Manufactured Fibres Composed Of Regenerated Cellulose, As Well As Manufactured Fibres Composed Of Regenerated Cellulose In Which Substituents Have Replaced Not More Than 15% Of The Hydrogens Of The Hydroxyl Groups. The Iso Generic Names Are Viscose, Modal And Cupro.

Water Soluble Dyes That Bond Well To Cellulosic And Nylon Fibers. Provide Good Brightness And Colorfastness.

The Shortening Of Fibres In A Sliver Or Top By A Process Similar In Principle To Stretch Breaking. Re-breaking May Be Intended To Shorten A Limited Number Of Over Length Fibres Or To Reduce The Average Length.

The Percentage That, In The Calculation Of Commercial Weight Of Textile Material And Of Yarn Linear Density Is Added To The Oven-dry Weight. The Determination Of This Weight May Or May Not Be Preceded By Washing To Remove Natural Or Added Oils And Dressings. The Recommended Allowance Is Arbitrarily Chosen According To Commercial Practice And Includes The Moisture Regain. It May Also Include The Normal Finish That Is Added To Impart Satisfactory Textile Qualities To The Material.

The Potential Developed When A Bright Platinum Electrode Is Immersed In A Solution Containing An Ionic Species In Two Interconvertible Oxidation (valency) States. The Potential Is Dependent Upon The Ratio Of The Concentrations Of The Two Oxidation States, E.g., Iron Ii And Iron Iii Ions; 4-dihydroxybenzene (hydroquinone) And 1,4-benzoquinone (p-benzoquinone); Vat Dye And Leuco Vat Dye. Note: The Standard Redox Potential, E, Is That Developed When The Concentrations Of The Two Oxidation States Are Equal To Each Other, And In Vat Dye Systems Indicates The Difficulty With Which The Vat Dye (the Oxidized State) Can Be Reduced.

A Term Used To Describe Manufactured Fibres Composed Of Regenerated Cellulose, As Well As Manufactured Fibres Composed Of Regenerated Cellulose In Which Substituents Have Replaced Not More Than 15% Of The Hydrogens Of The Hydroxyl Groups. The Iso Generic Names Are Viscose, Modal And Cupro.

A Man-made Fibre Produced From A Naturally Occurring Fibre-forming Polymer By A Process That Includes Regeneration Of The Original Polymer Structure.

The Ratio Of The Actual Pressure Of The Water Vapour In The Atmosphere To The Saturation Water Vapour At The Same Temperature. The Ratio Is Usually Expressed As A Percentage E.g. 65 % Rh.

A Fabric That Has Been Treated With A Synthetic Film-forming Polymer (resin) . This May Be Done To Make The Fabric Firmer, Heavier, More Stable, To Add Wrinkle Resistance, To Reduce Shrinkage Or To Create Surface Effect Such As Embossing Or Glazing.

A Chemical Is Printed On Certain Areas Of The Fabric To Make Those Areas Resistant To Dye. Allows For The Printing Of Small Or Fine Motifs In The Design..

A Process For Treating Dry-cleaned Garments, Etc., To Improve Their Properties, Particularly Water Repellence And Handle.

The Tension In A Textured Yarn Due To The Formation Of Crimp In The Filaments Under Specified Conditions Of Crimp Development.

The Subjection Of Crop Or Deseeded Straw To Chemical Or Biological Treatment To Make Fibre Bundles More Easily Separable From The Woody Part Of The Stem. Flax Is Described As Water-retted, Dew-retted Or Chemically-retted, Etc., According To The Process Employed.

Wool Rags And Manufactured Waste, Torn Up And Reprocessed Into Fibres Again, And Used For Such Fabrics As Are Composed Of Shoddy And Mungo Yarns.

1. Any Fabric With A Cord Or Ridge Effect . 2. A Knit Fabric Made With Plain Stitches Alternating With Purl Stitches. Rib Knits Have Natural Stretch Properties.

A Spinning System In Which Twist Is Inserted In A Yarn By Using A Revolving Traveller. The Yarn Is Wound On Since The Rotational Speed Of The Package Is Greater Than That Of The Traveller.

A Yarn Spinning Method In Which Roving ( A Thin Strand Of Fiber With Very Little Twist) Is Fed To A "traveler" With Rotates Around The Edge Of A Ring. Inside The Ring Is A Faster Rotating Bobbin . The Process Simultaneously Twists The Roving Into Yarn And Winds It Around The Bobbin. Ring Spun Yarns Are Generally Stronger Than Open End Yarns.

(1) A Process In The Production Of Cellulose Ethanoate (acetate) Consisting In The Splitting Off Of Some Of The Ethanoic Acid (acetic Acid) And Most Of The Combined Catalyst Present In The Primary Cellulose Ethanoate (acetate). (2) A Process In The Manufacture Of Viscose In Which, Prior To Spinning, The Number Of Xanthate Groups Is Reduced And Some Redistribution Takes Place. The Process Is Time And Temperature Dependent.

The Operation Of Removing Cotton Or Man-made Fibre Linings From Garments Prior To The Sorting And Classification Of Rags.

A Woven Fabric With Corded Yarns Spaced At Regular Intervals In Both The Warp And Filling, Forming Squares On The Surface Of The Fabric. Originally Intended So A Tear In The Fabric Would Not Spread. Used Mainly For Outerwear And Active Wear.

Originally This Described All The Furniture And Effects Belonging To A Person, Then The Meaning Was Gradually Reduced Until It Denotes A Person's Collection Of Clothing.

In The 17th Century The Word Had Nothing Of The Modern Sense Of Déshabillé, It Was Simply A Gown Differing From The Court Gown, And Was Admitted To The Chambres Of The Royal Apartments Outside Receptions And Ceremonies.

A Method Of Printing By Passing The Fabric Over Metal Rollers On Which The Design Has Been Engraved. One Roller Is Used For Each Color. Used For Printing Long Runs With Good Register And A Clear, Sharp Design.

The More General Term Is Breaking And Consists Of Deformation Of The Plant Structure By Flattening The Stem, Loosening The Bond Between The Fibre Bundles And The Wood, And Breaking The Woody Part Into Short Pieces, To Facilitate Their Removal From The Fibre By Scutching.

A Needlepoint Lace With Floral Patterns Connected By Bars. Similar To Venitian Lace But With Smaller Patterns.

In Screen Printing A Separate Screen Is Created For Each Color . The Open Mesh Part Of The Screen Corresponds To The Area To Be Printed In That Color. The Areas Where Color Is Not To Pass Through Are Blocked. Dye Paste Is Forced Through The Open Mesh Area With A Squeegee. In Rotary Screen Printing The Squeegees Are Contained Within Cylindrical Screens Aligned One After The Other, And The Fabric Moves Continuously. Rotary Printing Is A Much Faster Process Than Flat Screen Printing But The Pattern Repeat Is Limited By The Circumference Of The Cylinders.

A Method Of Open-end Spinning Which Uses A Rotor (a High Speed Centrifuge) To Collect A Individual Fibres Into A Yarn, The Fibres On Entering A Rapidly Rotating Rotor Are Distributed Around Its Circumference And Temporarily Held There By Centrifugal Force. The Yarn Is Withdrawn From The Rotor Wall And, Because Of The Rotation, Twist Is Generated.

A Preliminary Hand Hackling Operation Involving The Removal Of Tangled And Short Fibres By Means Of A Roughing Tool.

The Rough Separation Of The Seed From The Chaff, Short Straw, Weeds, And Other Extraneous Material Produced During De-seeding.

A Name Given, Individually Or Collectively, To The Relatively Fine Fibrous Strands Used In The Later Or Final Processes Of Preparation For Spinning.

Stiffened Frill Of Lace Or Pleated Linen, Worn In The 16th And Early 17th Centuries. A Forerunner Of Falling Band And Cravats.

The Partly Scutched Short Straws That Fall Below The Two Compartments Of A Scutching Machine After (a) The Shives Have Been Shaken Out Of It, Or (b) The Waste Made During The Production Of Scutched Flax On A Wheel.