A Term Denoting That A Textile Article Can Be Washed In A Domestic Washing Machine To Remove Dirt And Other Extraneous Substances Using An Aqueous Detergent Solution At Elevated Temperatures.

A Bleached Or Dyed Plain Cotton Fabric With A Soft Finish In Any Of A Wide Range Of Qualities Used For Ladies Wear.

A Machine Whose Purpose Is To Express Liquid From Moving Textiles By Passage Through A Nip. The Textile May Be In Rope Form Or In Open Width, And The Mangle May Consist Of Two Or More Rollers (bowls) Running In Contact.

Widespread Female Dress Of The Late 17th Century. Developed From A T-shaped Garment, Which Is First Pleated Informally At The Shoulders And The Waist Pleats Are Controlled By A Belt. Instead Of Cutting The Bodice And Skirt As Separate Pieces That Were Sewn Together, Bodice And Skirt Were Cut In One Length From Shoulder To Hem. Cut To Fall Full In Back And Front, The Garment Was Worn Over A Corset And An Underskirt. Front Skirt Edges Were Often Pulled To The Back And Fastened To Form A Draped Effect, The So-called Waterfall-backdrape.

Two Single, Continuous-filament Yarns, Of Different Solid Colours Or Dyeing Properties (subsequently Dyed) Doubled Together., Also Termed Ingrain (filament Yarn)

Thigh-high Riding Boot With Cup-shaped Wide Top, Square Toes And Higher Heels Than The Jackboot. Made From Stiff Leather; Fourth Quarter Of 17th Century To Beginning Of 18th Century.

Yarns Made Up Of 2 Different Colors, Produced By Combining Fiber Strands (rovings) Of 2 Different Colors, Or Twisting Together 2 Yarns Of Different Colors, Or By Cross Dyeing Plied Yarns Of 2 Different Fibers.

A Woven Crepe Fabric With A Wavy Rib Effect In The Weft Resulting From The Use Of High Twist Yarns. Used In Women's Dresses, Suits.

Fine Lightweight Open Mesh Fabric. Used For Curtains, Mosquito Netting, Trim For Evening Wear, Or Millinery.

A Fabric Woven Of Silk And Cotton, The Warp Of One Material And The Weft Of The Other. Literally, 'that Which Is In Accordance With The Shara, Muslim Holy Law, Which Disapproves Of An Arel Made Of Silk.

Theatrical Accessory In Ancient Times, It Was Adopted In The 16th And 17th Century By Women, To Protect The Wearer's Complexion And Preserve Her Incognito. See Also Vizor.

Descriptive Of Man-made Fibres In Which Colouring Matter (e.g., Dye Or Pigment) Has Been Incorporated Before The Filament Is Formed.

A Fancy Double Woven Or Compound Fabric That Has The Appearance Of Being Padded, Puckered Or Quilted . It Is Usually Woven On A Jacquard Loom. Used For Upholstery , Drapery, Vests . Lighter Weights Are Used For Dresses And Other Apparel.

An Important Cotton Fibre Characteristic Which Expresses The Relative Degree Of Thickening Of Wall. It Is Sometimes Defined As The Ratio Of The Cross-sectional Area Of The Fibre Wall To The Area Of A Circle Having The Same Perimeter As That Of The Fibre, Or The Ratio Of The Average Wall Thickness To The Radius Of The Circle Having The Same Perimeter As That Of The Fibre. However, In Practice, Measurement Of The Degree Of Wall Thickening Is Seldom Carried Out And The Average Maturity Of A Given Sample Of Cotton Is Estimated By One Or More Of Several Indirect Tests Which Are Often Used To Discover The Proportion Of Fibres Having A Maturity Greater Than Some Selected Level.

A Fibre From The Leaf Of The Plant Furcraea Gigantea., Also Termed Mauritius Fibre, See Also Fibre Types

Fabrics That Have Stretch Properties But No Not Use Spandex Or Other Stretch Yarns. The Stretch Is Usually Created In The Finishing Process.

The Central Portion Of Some Animal Fibres Consisting Of A Series Of Cavities Formed By The Medullary Cells Which Collapse During The Growth Process. In Some Fibres E.g., Wool And Kemp, The Medulla Forms The Greatest Portion Of The Fibre And Is Surrounded By A Comparatively Thin Layer Of Cortex.

A Variation In Tone Or Mottled Look . May Be Done By Mixing Fibers Or Yarn Of Different Colors Together, Printing Of The Top Before Spinning The Yarn, Or Cross Dyeing The Fabric.

A Process In Which A Polymer Is Melt-extruded Through A Die Into A High-velocity Stream Of Hot Air, Which Converts It Into Fine And Relatively Short Fibres. After Quenching By A Cold Air Stream, The Fibres Are Collected As A Sheet On A Moving Screen.

An Unstable Melt-spinning Condition In Which The Surface Of The Extrudate Becomes Rough And Irregular.

A Heavily Felted, Tightly Woven Fabric With A Sheared Nap Giving It A Smooth Surface. It Is Almost Always Of Wool Or A Wool Blend. Used Mainly For Coats But Lighter Weights May Be Used For Other Apparel.

(1) The Treatment Of Cellulosic Textiles In Yam Or Fabric Form With A Concentrated Solution Of Caustic Alkali Whereby The Fibres Are Swollen, The Strength And Dye Affinity Of The Materials Are Increased, And The Handle Is Modified. The Process Takes Its Name From Its Discoverer, John Mercer (1844)., The Additional Effect Of Enhancing The Lustre By Stretching The Swollen Materials While Wet With Caustic Alkali And Then Washing Off Was Discovered By Horace Lowe (1889). The Modern Process Of Mercerization Involves Both Swelling In Caustic Alkalis And Stretching, To Enhance The Lustre, To Increase Colour Yield, To Improve Dyeability Of Dead Cotton And To Improve The Strength Of The Cotton. A Related Process, Liquid Ammonia Treatment Produces Some Of The Effects Of Mercerization. In Chain Mercerizing, Shrinkage In Fabric Width Is Allowed, Followed By Re-stretching And Washing On A Clip-stenter. In Chainless Mercerizing, The Fabric Is Effectively Prevented From Shrinking By Transporting Over Rotating Drums.:(2) Hot Mercerization, The Treatment Of Cellulosic Fabric With A Hot Concentrated Solution Of Caustic Alkali To Facilitate Uniform Penetration Prior To Cooling And Stretching Etc., So As To Improve The Degree Of Mercerization.

A Finishing Process For Cotton Using Caustic Soda Which May Be Applied At The Yarn Or Fabric Stage Resulting In Additional Luster, Improved Strength And An Improved Ability To Take Dye.

An Individual Who Or An Organization Which Locates A Supplier And Purchases Grey Fabric, Procures Its Finishing And Then Re-sells The Finished Fabric To Customers.

(1) Wool From Merino Sheep. The Merino Breed Of Sheep Originated In Spain And The Wool Is Noted For Its Fineness And Whiteness. It Was Confined To Spain Until The Late 1700's When Merino Sheep Were Exported To, And Bred In, Many Other Countries. Well Known Types Of Merino Are: Australian Ramboulliet, Vermont, South African, Saxony Etc. The Word 'merino' Is Now Almost Synonymous With 'fine Wool'., (2) A Pre-20th Century Term Applied In France And Germany To Worsted Fabrics Produced From Yarns Using Merino Or Other Fine Wools., (3) A Plainback Worsted Fabric Developed In England In The 1820's. It Was Made From Fine Yarns Spun From Merino Or Other Fine Wools Of 23 To 28 Tex For The Warp And 17 To 22 Tex For The Weft. The Stimulus For The Development Of This Fabric Was The Availability Of Fine Machine-spun Worsted Yarn, (4) Woollen Fabrics Made In England From Yams Produced From Wool Reclaimed From Soft Woollen And Worsted Dress Goods., (5) A French Shawl Made From Two-fold Warp Yam Using Merino Wool. The Weft Yarn Is Made From Other Wool Or Silk., (6) A Fine Cotton Fabric Used As A Dress Material In The Philippines. It Is Made From Yarns Of 13 Tex For The Warp, And 15 To 10 Tex For The Weft With 32 Ends X 32 Picks Per Cm.

Refers To Wool From The Merino Sheep Which Produces A Fine, Strong Elastic Fiber Of Very High Quality . It Can Be Washed To A Clean White Color And Has Good Felting And Spinning Characteristics.

A General Term For Fabric With Open Spaces Between The Yarns. It May Be Knit , Woven Or Knotted (net) In Construction.

A Single-bath Method Of Dyeing In Which The Fibre Is Treated In A Dyebath Containing A Suitable Chrome Dye Together With A Chromate, Whereby A Dye-chromium Complex Is Formed Within The Fibre.

A Highly Lustrous, Reflective Fabric That Has The Appearance Of Metal. May Be Coated Or Made From Synthetic Yarns In Metallic Colors.

A Yam Which Has Free Metal As A Component., Note: There Are Several Types, The Best Known Of Which Are:, , (2) Metal Of Narrow Strip Section, Usually Lustrous. The Metal May Be Coated With Film Such As Viscose Cellulose Ethanoate (acetate), Butanoate (butyrate), Or Polyester. The Film May Be Coloured. , (3) Yarns On Which Metal Is Deposited, E.g., Chemically Or By Electric Arc, Or By Adhesive,, (4) Multi-end Yams In Which At Least One Single Yarn Is Metallic, (cf. Tinsel Yarn.), (5) A Gimp In Which The Helical Covering Consists Of A Metallic Or Laminated Strip.

A Phenomenon Whereby The Nature Of The Colour Difference Between Two Similarly Coloured Objects, Changes With Change In The Spectral Distribution (characteristics) Of The Illuminant., Note 1: Metamerism Is Most Frequently Seen When Two Coloured Objects Match In Daylight, But Differ Markedly In Colour When Viewed In Tungsten-filament Light. This Arises Because The Visible Absorption Spectra Of The Two Objects Differ Significantly, Although The Tristimulus Values In Daylight Are Identical., Note 2: This Term Is Often Used Loosely To Describe The Behavior Of A Single Coloured Object That Shows A Marked Change Of Colour As The Illuminant Changes. Use Of This Term In This Way Is Incorrect: This Effect Should Be Described As Lack Of Colour Constancy.

The Bank Of Cells Or Compartments Used In The Dry-spinning Of Cellulose Ethanoate (cellulose Acetate)

Extremely Fine Synthetic Fiber Used To Produce Soft, Lightweight Fabrics . Microfiber Is Often Defined As Fibers Of Less Than 1 Denier Per Filament But The Term Is Used Loosely In The Industry. May Be Polyester, Nylon, Acrylic, Rayon Or Other Fibers. Used For Rainwear, Outerwear And Various Other Types Of Apparel.

A Measurement Of Cotton Fibre Quality Which Is A Reflection Of Both Fineness And Maturity. Low Values Indicate Fine And/or Immature Fibres; High Values Indicate Coarse And/or Mature Fibres. Micronaire Value Is Determined In Practice By Measuring The Air Permeability Of A Specified Plug Of Cotton Fibres.

A Warp Knit Process Resulting In A Fabric With A Fine Rib On The Face And A Diamond Effect On The Back. Used For Women's Lingerie And Other Apparel.

A Superficial Growth Of Certain Species Of Fungi., Note: On Textile Materials, This May Lead To Discoloration, Tendering, And Variation In Properties.

A Method Of Compressing , Shrinking And Felting A Fabric Through The Use Of Moisture Heat And Mechanical Pressure. Usually Done On Wool And Wool Blends Such As Melton. The Process Often Obscure The Weave.

The Process Of Consolidating Or Compacting Woven Or Knitted Fabrics That Usually, Although Not Exclusively Contain Wool., Note., The Treatment, Which Is Usually Given In A Cylinder Milling Machine Or In Milling Stocks, Produces Relative Motion Between The Fibres Of A Fabric. That Have Been Wetted Out And Swollen With A Liquid Of Suitable pH. Depending On The Type Of Fibre And Structure Of The Fabric And On Variations In The Conditions Of Milling, A Wide Range Of Effects Can Be Obtained Varying From A Slight Alteration In Handle To A Dense Matting With Considerable Reduction In Area.

A Kind Of Jacket, Often Understood As A 'quilted Coat'. It Was Generally Worn Sleeveless Over A Shirt As Outer Garment; Worn Sometimes Also Next To The Skin, Without Anything Underneath It.

A Woven Fabric Made On A Dobby Loom With An Open Mesh Design That Simulates A Leno Weave By Interlacing And Grouping The Warp And Weft Yarns With Spaces Between The Groups. Warp Yarns Are Not Paired As In A True Leno Weave.

Fibres Composed Of Synthetic Linear Macromolecules Having In The Chain Between 35% And 85% (by Mass) Of Recurring Cyanoethane (acrylonitrile) Groups.

A Term Used To Describe Fibres Of Regenerated Cellulose Obtained By Processes Giving A High Tenacity And A High Wet Modulus. These Fibres Must Be Able, In The Wet State, To Withstand Without Breaking A Force Of 22.o Cn Per Tex. Under This Force, The Elongation In The Wet State Should Not Be Greater Than 15%.

A Wavy Watermark Pattern Produced By Calendering 2 Layers Of Fabric Together Or Embossing With An Engraved Roller. This Causes The Embossed Or Crushed Parts Of The Fabric To Reflect Light Differently . It Is Often Done On Corded Fabrics And Is Often Used For Upholstery And Drapery.

A Ribbed Or Corded Fabric That Has Been Subjected To Heat And Heavy Pressure By Rollers After Weaving So As To Present A Rippled Appearance. The Effect Arises From Differences In Reflection Of The Flattened And The Unaffected Parts. This Type Of Fabric Is Also Correctly Described As Watered

A Term Used Mainly In The Uk, For Wool Containing Vegetable Matter (straw, Hay, Twigs, Etc.,) Picked Up By Sheep During Grazing.

The Average Of The Sum Of The Atomic Weights Of The Atoms Present In The Chains Of Macromolecules In A Polymer. This Average Will In General Depend Upon The Basis On Which Calculated, And This Should Be Stated, E.g., It May Be Based On A Number Average Or A Mass Average

A Strong, Heavy, Woven Fabric With A Short, Smooth Nap Produced By Brushing And Shearing The Surface. Usually Of Cotton.

A Method Of Continuous Dyeing In Which Material Is Impregnated With An Aqueous Liquid Dye And Chemicals And Then Passed Through A Bath Of Liquid Low-melting Alloy Usually Below 100 °c

A Japanese Measurement Of Mass Equivalent To 3.76g (approximately). It Is Used To Indicate The Weight Per Unit Area Of Silk Fabric, This Being Expressed As The Weight In Momme Of A Length Of Degummed Fabric 22.8 M In Length And 3.8 Cm In Width., Note: The Length Measurements Used Are Standard Units Of Length In The Japanese Silk Industry.

A Heavy, Coarse, Loosely Woven Fabric Made In A Basket Weave . Used For Drapery, Upholstery And Other Home Furnishings

A Yam Composed Of One Filaments That Run Essentially The Whole Length Of The Yarn. Yams Of More Than One Filament Are Usually Referred To As Multifilament .

A Small, Simple, Chemical Compound From Which A Polymer Is Formed., Note: In Most Cases A Given Polymer Can Be Made From A Variety Of Alternative Monomers. In Some Cases Two Or More Different Monomers Are Involved In The Production Of A Polymer.

A Substance, Usually A Metallic Compound, Applied To A Substrate To Form A Complex With A Dye, Which Is Retained By The Substrate More Firmly Than The Dye Itself.

A Cap, Worn Usually By Children, Covering, Apart From The Back, The Back Of The Neck Through A Long, Suspended Flap.

A Woven Fabric With A Characteristic Grainy Surface And Often A Spongy Hand. Generally Made With High Twist Yarn In A Crepe Weave. Used In Women's Suits, Dresses Etc.

1. A Finish Usually Applied To Synthetics Which Gives The Fabric Surface An Irregular, Mottled Appearance . 2. A Fibrous Texture On The Surface Of Felted Woolen Fabrics.

There Are Two Broad Categories, (a) Fuzzy Motes, The Largest Of This Type Of Mote Consists Of Whole Aborted Or Immature Seed With Fuzz Fibres And Sometimes Also With Very Short Lint Fibres, The Development Of Which Has Ceased At A Very Early Stage. Small Fuzzy Motes Originate As Either Undeveloped Or Fully Grown Seeds, Which Are Broken In Ginning And Disintegrate Still Further In The Opening, Cleaning And Carding Processes., (b) Bearded Needles. A Piece Of Seed Coat With Fairy Long Lint Fibres Attached., Note 1: Both Classes Of Mote Become Entangled With The Lint Cotton And, When They Are Present In Quantity, Their Complete Elimination Is Impossible Except By Combing., Note 2: Fuzzy And Bearded Motes Carrying Only A Small Piece Of Barely Visible Seed-coat Are Frequently Termed Seed-coat Neps.

French Word For Small Black Patches Worn On The Face To Hide Little Blemishes. They Came Into Fashion In The Second Half Of The 17th Century And Developed Far Into The 18th Century A Language Of Its Own, Where They Were Exaggeratedly Used Even By Men And Available In Diverse Shapes.

A Yam Composed Of Filaments That Run Essentially The Whole Length Of The Yarn. Yams Of One Filament Are Usually Referred To As Monofilament .

Descriptive Of A Fibre Or Filament Whose Cross-section Resembles A Polygon But Has Concave Sides And Rounded Vertices (lobes)., Note: The Prefixes Tri- (3), Penta- (5), Hexa- (6), Octa- (8), Etc., Are Used With The Suffix -lobal To Indicate The Number Of Lobes.

The Fibrous Material Made In The Woollen Trade By Pulling Down New Or Old Hard-woven Or Milled Fabric Or Felt In Rag Form

A Large Group Of Plain Weave Cotton Or Cotton Blend Fabrics. They Cover A Variety Of Weights From Light, Fine Sheers To Heavier Sheetings. Used In Interfacings, Dresses, Shirts, Sheets, Furniture Covers, And Many Other Applications .

A Generic Name For A Light-weight, Open Fabric Of Plain Or Simple Leno Weave Traditionally With A Cover Factor Of 5- 10 In The Warp And 5-9 In The Weft. Normally, Muslins Did Not Exceed 2 Oz/yd2 (68 G.m-2)). Some Of These Fabrics Are Used In The Grey State (butter Muslin And Cheese Cloth), Whereas Others (dress Muslins) Are Bleached And Dyed.

A Plain-knitted Fabric Of Loose Texture, Usually Cotton, Made On A Multi-feeder Circular-knitting Machine.