Types of UV absorbers: Organic UV absorbers are derivatives of o- hydroxyl benzophenones, o – hydroxyphenyltriazes, o – hydroxy phenyl hydrazines. The ortho hydroxyl group in the molecule helps in absorption and to make the compound soluble in alkaline solution. Organic compounds like benzotriazole, hydro benzophenone and phenyltriazine can be used by normal padding or coating applications. Ortho hydroxyphenyl and diphenyltriazine derivatives have excellent sublimation fastness and self dispersing formulation. It can be applied by pad thermosol process and also in print pastes. The presence of in organic pigments in the fibers helps in better diffusion of light from the substrate, thus providing better protection. Titanium dioxide and other ceramic materials have an absorption capacity in the UV region of 280-400nm and reflects visible and IR rays.

Technological options:

UV absorbers incorporated in dyeing decreases the dye uptake, except in post treatment application. They are compatible with dyes and are applied by normal padding, exhaust, pad thermosol, pad dry cure methods. UV absorbers are applied between 30-40g/l depending on the type of fiber and its construction. The main limitations of UV are that they cannot be applied in a single bath along with other finishing agents. Anything in excess will have a detrimental effect on the fabric. With the advent of nano science and technology, a new area has developed in the area of textile finishing called Nano finishing. Growing awareness of health and hygiene has increased the demand for UV protective textiles. Coating the surface of textiles and clothing with nano particles is an approach to the production of highly active surfaces to have UV blocking properties. Zinc oxide {Zno} nano particles embedded in polymer matrices like soluble starch are a good example of functional nanostructures with potential for applications such as UV. Metal oxides like Zno as UV blocker are more stable as compared to organic UV blocking agents. Hence nano Zno will enhance the UV blocking property due to their increase surface area and intense absorption in the UV region.

Sun protection clothing:

Sun protection involves a combination of sun avoidance and the use of protective garments and accessories. Reducing the exposure time to sunlight, using sunscreens and protective clothes are the three ways of protection against the deleterious effects of UV radiation.. The fabric is rated according to an Ultraviolet Protection Factor ("UPF"). UPF is like SPF except UPF rates protection against both UVA and UVB. A garment with a UPF of 50 only allows 1/50th of the UV radiation falling on the surface of the garment to pass through it. In other words, it blocks 98% of the UV radiation. Sun protection clothing is an easy and reliable form of UV protection and so is becoming more and more popular. Garments are tested according to AATCC test method 183. UV protection textiles include various apparels, accessories, such as hats, shoes, shade structures such as umbrellas, etc.

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