From Table 1 10, it is observed from all the experiment that extraction is favoured in temperature 80 90⁰ C, at 1 hr 2hr. The extraction is favoured at higher temperature, but as at higher temperature, there is problem of charring of dye, the favourable temperature is 80 90⁰C. The colour purity of the samples shows good results from flower dye. The light fastness properties are tested by exposing in normal day light by putting samples behind window glass. Using grey scale assesses the colour change. The extent of fading is assessed by grey scale. The wash -fastness is also tested using grey scale according to the method IS: 764 1984 at 60⁰C for 30 minutes. The results indicate that the colour fastness of the samples dyeing with Marigold, China rose flowers are around 3 4 where as 5 is the higher concentration rating. The lower rating may be due to the darkening of shade resulting in higher contrast & so poor rating. From the overall results it is seen that dyeing with alum give better result (both in light fastness & wash fastness) in respect of all other mordant. Stannous chloride used as mordant also gives better results, but the cost of this mordant is high. Not only that in food coloured also it shows good result. The metal ion composition is analysed using Atomic absorption Spectrophotometer & here also it is seen that ion concentration is very low below permissible limit.

Conclusion:

The present work shows that different flowers can be used as dye (yellow,green & blue colour). These flowers are available in Eastern India & are grown almost every season. We can get different shades of colour using different mordants & the colour fastness, wash fastness properties also can be improved by different treatments procedure and so it can be used in small scale Industry as well as in large scale Industry also. This colour dye has no side effect on skin & it has no harmful effect on environment also. The process is economically viable as the raw materials are available with low of cost and so cost of production is also very low.

References:

1)    Parkes C. H; Creating colour in Yarn: An introduction to natural Dyes, Knitters Review, 2002 2003.

2)    http://www.housebarra.com/EP/ep03/03dyes.html ; Natural dyes, December 22, 2003.

3)    www.pioneerthinking.com ; Making Natural Dyes from Plants, June 25, 2003.

4)    Vankar P S; Chemistry of Natural Dyes. Resonance, October 2000, pp 73 80.

5)    The Wealth of India, Raw Materials, CSIR, 17,8, 1990

6)    Ibrahim S.F, Michael M.N, Tera F.M, Samaha S.H; Optimisation of the Dyeing process for chemically modified cotton fabrics, Coloerage, October 1997, pp-27.

About the Authors:

Ms. Papita Saha is associated with NIT, Durgapur, India and Prof. S. Datta is associated with Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.

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