Introduction
In the past few years, the dyestuff industry has transformed
significantly. This is considered to be due to the rise in use of dyestuffs in
sectors like printing inks, plastics, textiles, paper and foodstuff. Globally, China, India, Japan, Korea, etc. are the major dyestuff manufacturing & Textile processing
countries where India's share is about 8%, while leading contributor is China with 25% share. The dyestuff market is mostly dominated by Reactive & Disperse
dyes.
The textile industry is comprised of a diverse, fragmented
group of establishments that receive and prepare fibres, transform into yarn,
covert the yarn into fabric and then dye at various stages of garment
manufacturing. The contribution of dyestuff industry in wet processing operations
is enormous. Textile colour is a major quality parameter demanded by customers.
Cotton is the backbone of the worlds textile trade. It has many
qualities and countless end uses, which make it one of the most abundantly,
used textile fibres in the world. It is a seed hair of plant of genus
Gossypium, the purest form of cellulose found in nature. Some of the key steps
in the treatment of cotton material include singeing, desizing, scouring,
bleaching, mercerizing followed by dyeing and finishing. However, cotton is one
of the most problematic fibres as far as its general wet processing operations
are concerned. Quite frequently, the problems in dyed cotton materials are not
due to the actual dyeing process, but due to some latent defects introduced
from previous production and processing stages. Often, the root cause(s) of a
problem in the dyed material can be traced as far back as to the cotton field.
Defects in dyed cotton materials can be attributed to innumerable causes
ranging from poor quality of fibre, faulty spinning, inappropriate yarn package
formation, improper weaving or knitting, impurities in water, poor
standardization of dyes and chemicals, lack of control of the variables in the
processes involved, machine malfunctions to human errors, etc.
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Source:
Technical Service, Atul Ltd (Colors Division), Atul - Valsad, Gujarat, India
