The textile wet processing industry for apparel
applications is considered to comprise of three main segments viz, yarn dyeing
(including Denim yarn), piece dyeing (including garments) & the Knit
dyeing. Recent years have witnessed highest growth in knit or commonly called
hosiery processing. In India, this knit processing industry is spread across
the country from north to south & east to west.
The Indian textile industry can be broadly
classified into 2 groups based on working condition:
- Organized sector- units are
well equipped with facilities like water softening (Ion exchange), TDS
control (Reverse Osmosis), effluent treatment facility (water discharge/
reuse of treated water), modern machinery with auto control facilities
having very high productivity & skilled work force. These units aim at
value addition to fulfill stringent global customer requirements.
- Unorganized sector- units
lacking above facilities & using conventional machinery, compromising
on quality over cost. This sector mainly aims at producing economical
products for low end sector.
The common wet processing problems associated
are generally considered to be due to 3 M's (Man- Machine-Method)
i.e. manual errors, mechanical limitations & inappropriate processing
methods.
Apart from these there are some geographical or
regional issues related to the two basic ingredients:
- The substrate -Variation in
cotton fiber cultivated in various regions across the country, in terms of
impurities like alkali earth & heavy metal ion content
- Water- its availability, purity
& discharge/ recycling.
SDC (Symptoms, Diagnosis & Curing) Concept
The problems faced during Cotton knit wet processing in
these two sectors vary widely owing to the above mentioned reasons like water,
fiber sources & processing conditions. However, in order to overcome/
minimize the processing related problems it is essential to first understand
the Symptoms (problems), Diagnose (ascertain the probable cause) & Cure
(adopting remedial measure).
Given below are some general & common problems
encountered in Knit processing & the effectiveness of the 'SDC' approach to
overcome/minimize these issues. However, it is always advisable to use
adequate, appropriate & optimum quality/quantity of Dyestuffs &
auxiliary chemicals as per the suppliers recommendations.
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Full Article
Source:
Technical Service, Atul Ltd (Colors Division), Atul - Valsad, Gujarat, India
To read about SDC Concept in Continuous Dyeing; click here
