Abstract
Simply Nonwoven means it is not woven. EDANA defines a
nonwoven as manufactured sheet, web or batt of directionally or randomly
orientated fibres, bonded by friction and/or cohesion and/or adhesion. The
term nonwoven arises from more than half a century ago when nonwovens were
often regarded as low price substitutes for traditional textiles and were
generally made from dry laid carded webs using converted textile processing
machinery. Now, Many diversified products can be produce by using this technique,
equally both the properties and applications are wide ranging from baby diapers
to industrial high performance textiles, automotive textiles etc.
The two stages namely, (1) fibre preparation and web
formation (2) its bonding are the major fields in which tremendous developments
are taken place with so many innovations. The major techniques offered by
modern state of the art technology with innovations are Spunbond, Spunlace,
Spunjet, Meltblown and Modern Needle punched techniques.
In web preparation today the working width of card is now
upto 5M, and web of range 20-120gsm is possible with excellent web structure
and appearance. The new needle loom technology it delivers a web width of 7M,
stroke frequencies of upto 3000/min, 3200 needles/M for Geotextiles line. Now
spun lace line delivers the high level of production, low weight nonwoven
fabrics featuring characteristics such as bulkiness and strength. (RIETER-JETlace,
Hyperlacing-DILO) weight range of 30-80 g/m for the applications in the
sectors medicine, hygiene, filtration, synthetic leather and linings. Reiter Perfojet claimed that an improved
Swiffer could be made by JETlace hydroentangling of polyester to a
Perfobond spunbonded PP. Cheaper, bulkier, stronger dusters resulted. The
modern coating technologies in combination with variable drying technology
offer the tailor-made system solutions for the production of innovative
products. The new Spunjet technology is combination of Spunlaid & Spunlace
gives improved Bending Strength, Softness, Bulk and Patterning possibilities.
Probably the oldest material for disposable absorbent
products is cotton cellulose, but today, manufacturers of personal and health
care articles are taking advantage of natural and synthetic fibers as well as
functional particles such as SAP. These components can now be used in diverse
forming technologies to produce bonded nonwoven structures. Combining multiple
absorbent functions in one unitary structure has been a desire of the
scientists and engineers for decades.
The nonwoven industry is rapidly developing into a
sophisticated and diverse market. It has been exhibiting an average growth of
about 7% and above observed in past twenty years and expected to continue this
rate of growth in the next ten years.
Most important point in rapid development and commercial
acceptances of nonwovens is the ability to produce materials of special
properties in less time and at reasonable process. Hence nonwovens continue to
advance it and penetrate world markets with increased versatility
compatibility, flexibility and efficiency.
Keywords: - EDANA, Spunbond, Spunlace, hydro entangled, Meltblown,
Spunjet, Aqua jet, SAP, GSM.
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About
the Authors:
Dornal
Laxmikant is
TY B.Tech Textile Technology, SSGSIE&T, Nanded) and Dubas Narayan is TY B.Tex Textile Technology, DKTE, Ichalakaranji)
This
paper was presented at Veermata Jijabai
Technological Institute (VJTI), Mumbai in the VASTRA 2010 a two day event
held on Feb 19th & 20th, 2010
