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Technology Status
Dyes currently used for dyeing textile material are classified as soluble, disperse, and pigments [10]. These are all synthetic compounds, which are environmentally unfriendly compounds, as their degradation by organisms is not carried out naturally. The industry has to design expensive ways to remove these harmful compounds from the environment. Availability of natural dyes is a desired technology for dyeing fabrics with naturally produced compounds.
Future Research Plans
1. Because low temperature and light can induce anthocyanin biosynthesis, we plan to use a incubator with rotary shaker and temperature control under a continuous photosynthetic photon flux of 100 mol m-2s-1 provided by cool white fluorescent lamps in order to obtain cranberry callus, which can produce anthocyanins. The same logic will be extended to extracts from the fungi Curvularia lunata to produce natural, anthroquinone dyes.
2. We have obtained some informations of physiological, phytochemical and morphogenic responses of cranberry callus to environmental stresses from our preliminary experimental results. We will use the cranberry callus, which can produce anthocyanins to investigate environmental regulation (light, temperature, chemicals, etc.) of anthocyanin biosynthesis at cellular level. We will also investigate environmental regulation (light, temperature, pH, alkalinity, redox potential, etc.) to maximize anthroquinone dye production from the fungus species Curvularia lunata
3. Based on the results mentioned above we will design optimum conditions to produce higher
quantity of anthocyanins with cranberry callus and anthroquinone dye products from the fungus
Curvularia pallescens and Curvularia lunata.
4. We will also study how replacement/modification of the glucose group on the anthocyanin
affects its color-fastness vis-a-vis dyeing on cotton.
5. We will also study the effect of metals, temperature, and nutrient conditions on the yield rate of
cynodontin by Curvularia pallescens and Curvularia lunata.
References
1. K. Hahlbrock (1980) in The Biochemistry of Plants Vol. 7. (Edited by P. K. Stumf and E.E.
Conn), pp. 449-451. Academic Press, New York.
2. Demrow, H. S., P.R. Slane, and J. D. Folts(1995) Circulation (UNITED STATES) 91,1182-8
3. Morrica, P., M, Marra, and C. O. Moro (1997) American laboratory 29, 36, 38-39
4. Sapers, G. M. and D. L. Hargrave(1983) J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 112, 100-104
5. Fuleki, T. and F. J. Francis(1968) J. Food Sci. 33, 72-77
6. Lees, D.H. and F. J. Francis (1971) J. Food Sci. 36, 1056-60
7. Fuleki, T. and F. J. Francis (1968) J. Food Sci. 33, 471-78
8. Mazza, G., R. Brouillard (1990) Phytochemistry 29, 1097-1102
9. Takahashi, A., K. Takeda, and T. Ohnishi (1991) Plant and cell physiology 32, 541- 548
10. Rivelin, J. (1992) The Dyeing of Textile Fibers, Theory and Practice, Philadelphia College of Textiles and Science, Philadelphia, PA.
11. Boulanger, Jr., R. R. and Singh, B. R. (1998) Light regulation of anthocyanin and flavonol
biosyntheis in cranberry plants. The Nucleus (Northeastern Section American Chemical
Society), 76, 14-18.
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