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2.3 Image processing and modeling
The third technology utilizes image processing and modeling techniques for the digitization of the human body. In this case, 3D measurements are not performed, but 3D information is generated and extracted from 2D images. Two examples are described to explain this technique: the 2D full body scanner Contour of Human- Solutions7 (Figure 9 left) and the face modeler FaceGen of Singular Inversions8 (Figure 9 right). By the first example, three images of a person are acquired (two from the front and one from the side). By using the symmetry of the human body, the most important sizes of body are computed with sufficient accuracy from the silhouettes of the body. The extracted body sizes are used, in this specific example, for the production of made-to-measure dresses. 
The second example shows the possibility to generate extremely realistic face models by using only two images of the person (from the front and from the side). The 3D computer model is generated manually with the help of user-friendly software tools. In this case, a real measurement of the human face is not performed. However, the produced 3D computer models are extremely photorealistic and completely adequate for applications as, for example, animation and computer games. Figure 9 (right) shows the two used images and the resulted 3D face model. The big advantage of combining image processing and modeling techniques is the extremely lower price compared to real 3D measurement.
2.4 Other active sensors
In the recent years, new technologies based on active sensors have been applied also for the measurement of the surface of the human body.
A very interesting product resulted by applying cylindrical holographic imaging technology onto the human body, allowing to perform a whole body scan while the person remain fully clothed9. In this case the active sensor uses non-harmful, ultra-high frequency radio waves to obtain accurate body measurements. A millimeter-wave array/transceiver illuminates the human body with extremely low-powered millimeter waves.The radiation penetrates clothing and reflects off the body. The reflected signals are collected by the array/transceiver and analyzed by a image processing computer.
The company Intellifit Corporation translated this technology into a complete solution to extract 3D human body measurements for custom fit applications. Intellifit System (Fig. 10 left) is composed of the 3D scanner based on the millimeter-waves technology and the accompanying software.
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