Construction of Geotextiles

On the basis of construction of geotextiles, it can be classified as woven and non-woven. The arrangement of fibers in case of non-woven geotextiles is either tilting or randomly patterned in a sheet. It has special application for controlled water flow in addition to stabilization of soil. It is widely used filtration processes, roads, asphalt pavement overlays, and erosion control.

Woven geotextile is made of two sets of parallel threads or strands systematically interweaved to form a thin and flat fabric. The strands used are either slit film which are flat or monofilament that are round. The pattern of weavings depends on where its application. When high strength property is needed, woven geotextiles is the best option.

Geosynthetics

As the geotextiles is gaining application day by day, researchers are making efforts to expand and improve its scope of utility. One of the outcomes of such efforts is Geosynthetics. Natural fibers are realized insufficient to meet the tougher demands. Thus, new composites with varying properties are now being introduced which has more durability then natural fiber based geotextiles. It includes geotextiles, geonets, geogrids, geocomposites, etc. All of these have various civil engineering applications like separation, reinforcement, protection, filtration, drainage, and moisture barriers.

Geosynthetics Geotextiles:

These are either woven or non-woven. Woven geotextiles are produced by the interweaving of yarns. Non-woven geotextiles are needle punched, heat bonded, and chemically bonded.

Geogrids:

Geogrids are meshes, form of a regular pattern of tensile elements. Geogrids are stiffer than geotextiles. The tensile strength can prevent the degree of differential loads by spreading the load over a broader area of soil. In this way geogrids are used to strengthen fill materials in geotechnical applications. Most of all polymetric materials can be used to produce geogrids through process of interlacing, extrusion or bonding.

Geomembranes:

These are basically impervious sheets produced from polymeric materials. Geomembranes cannot be manufactured from woven methods as it leaves voids which make it permeable. Geomembranes are produced from Pp, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), HOPE and PE. Each material gives different property to it, like PVC geomembranes are much flexible while Pp geomembranes are subjected to ultra violet (UV) radiations.

Geocomposites:

These are formed of combination of geotextiles, geogrids or geomembranes.

Geotextiles in India

Though this technology has gained attention in last few years but it still lags behind on application side. In 1985, the Central Board of Irrigation and Power (CBIP) identified geosynthetics as essential and relevant to India's need for infrastructure development.

In 1988 an institute named as Indian Geosynthetic Group to promote the awareness of geosynthetics. These efforts were further strengthened by Committee for International Geosynthetics Society- India (CiGSI), established in 1992. Over the two decades, more concentration is given to extensive information dissemination on the application of geosynthetics in the field of civil engineering in India was made through training programs and publications, both at national and international levels.

Other organizations like Jute Manufacturers Development Council in Kolkata and Coir Board in Bangalore are working on R&D projects to develop diversified geotextile products from coir and jute. Also Techfab India, a private player had undertaken an experiment on use of woven tape geotextiles as reinforcement in road construction.

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