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Concentration of acid:
The two acids used for dilution are acetic and nitric acid. From each of diluted acid, 20 ml is mixed into the dye bath. The dyes are examined for their absorption power. This examination is done visually.
Mordants usage:
The mordants discussed earlier Alum and Stannous chloride are used here. The process of dyeing and mordanting are done together. Both these mordants are mixed with water which results into optimized mordants.
Procedure for mordanting:
There are two methods in mordanting premordanting and postmordanting. The pre-requisite of this process is to keep other things like dyeing time, acid concentration, etc. steady. By looking at the dyes the method of mordanting i.e. pre or postmordanting to be used is decided.
Appropriate dyeing conditions:
1. The right level of dye concentration is 3g per 100ml of water used for 1 gram for silk fabric as it was observed that the percentage of absorption of dye by silk fabric is best if done in this measurement.
2. As stated earlier four different dye extraction time was used- 20, 40, 60 and 80 minutes, however it was found that 60mins/1hour time duration produced turmeric dye with maximum absorbency.
3. The right level of acid concentration in dye bath is, for acetic acid is 2% and 3% for nitric acid. After this concentration the dye absorbency decreases.
4. The best concentration for mordants was 0.4g for stannous chloride and 5g for Alum. Use of appropriate mordent concentration helps in better absorption of turmeric dye on silk fabric.
5. It was found that the turmeric dyes absorbency was better with stannous chloride and postmordanting method was better than premordanting method.
Conclusion
The silk fabric dyed with turmeric dye using solar energy gives better results. Color evenness and better dye absorbency is experienced when dyeing the silk fabric by turmeric dyes. The existing silk dyeing units are being encouraged to use turmeric dyeing method. It does not pose any chemical harm on part of the dyer as well as the wearer. Also the added benefit is that the government also supports such environment friendly processes.
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