Methods of wet application of finishes on fabrics are mostlyeither by exhaustion techniques or by padding concentrated solution and dependon the substrate and the feasibility of adopting either of the processes.Applications by foam applicator by spray techniques are common in the case ofmade up garments.
Whereas padding method of application is feasible for all softeners, exhaust method of application is possible only where the softener has good substantivity. However high substantivity could cause tailing in a pad box application and requires to be controlled - discussed under padding method of application.
Softeners are the most employed finishing agents either bythemselves or along with other body builders/modifiers. Majority of thesofteners are cationic. Cationic reactive softeners based on amino siliconesplay very important role to provide the lubricity to facilitate bettersewability and also permanency to the finish.
The fabric substrate pH, the stability of the bath pH, theionic character of the residual chemicals that may be left behind from theprevious treatment, incomplete or variation in drying, yellowness, high TDS/hardness can all influence different finishes differently.
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