Introduction


In the past few years, the dyestuff industry has transformedsignificantly. This is considered to be due to the rise in use of dyestuffs insectors like printing inks, plastics, textiles, paper and foodstuff. Globally, China, India, Japan, Korea, etc. are the major dyestuff manufacturing & Textile processingcountries where India's share is about 8%, while leading contributor is China with 25% share. The dyestuff market is mostly dominated by Reactive & Dispersedyes.


The textile industry is comprised of a diverse, fragmentedgroup of establishments that receive and prepare fibres, transform into yarn,covert the yarn into fabric and then dye at various stages of garmentmanufacturing. The contribution of dyestuff industry in wet processing operationsis enormous. Textile colour is a major quality parameter demanded by customers.


Cotton is the backbone of the worlds textile trade. It has manyqualities and countless end uses, which make it one of the most abundantly,used textile fibres in the world. It is a seed hair of plant of genusGossypium, the purest form of cellulose found in nature. Some of the key stepsin the treatment of cotton material include singeing, desizing, scouring,bleaching, mercerizing followed by dyeing and finishing. However, cotton is oneof the most problematic fibres as far as its general wet processing operationsare concerned. Quite frequently, the problems in dyed cotton materials are notdue to the actual dyeing process, but due to some latent defects introducedfrom previous production and processing stages. Often, the root cause(s) of aproblem in the dyed material can be traced as far back as to the cotton field.Defects in dyed cotton materials can be attributed to innumerable causesranging from poor quality of fibre, faulty spinning, inappropriate yarn packageformation, improper weaving or knitting, impurities in water, poorstandardization of dyes and chemicals, lack of control of the variables in theprocesses involved, machine malfunctions to human errors, etc.



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Source:Technical Service, Atul Ltd (Colors Division), Atul - Valsad, Gujarat, India